Othello And Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 604 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/09/17 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Othello Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example?   The play Othello by William Shakespeare was recorder on   Elizabeth era. The play introduced Othello as a strong and firm man. His stature, tall, dark, African Moor, combined with his personal charisma. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Othello And Society" essay for you Create order A brave soldier from Africa and currently supreme commander of the Venetian Army. In times when Africans and other minorities settled in Europe raise their protest over the constant attacks they suffer in a supposedly tolerant and liberal society, it indicates that perhaps in the depths of the common European fear of foreigners continues to subsist. Racism and xenophobia is also present in the figure of Othello who, despite his great blood and royal blood, is never fully admitted into white society. The marriage between Othello and Desdemona is considered as much by Brabantio as by Iago against natura and monstrous. Desdemona is a beautiful white woman and a Venetian debutante; It is the pride and joy of his father. But he refuses to marry the wealthy and handsome Venetian with whom everyone expects him to marry. Instead, she escapes with Othello, a black man, older than her and a stranger from Venetian society. In any case, it turns out to be a brave move, Desdemona not only defies the hopes of his father, but also challenges a society that is against interracial marriages. Ay, theres the point. As, to be bold with you, Not to affect many proposed matches Of her own clime, complexion, and degree, Whereto we see in all things nature tends. Foh! One may smell in such a will most rank, Foul disproportion thoughts unnatural  Ã‚   But pardon me. I do not in position Distinctly speak of her, though I may fear Her will, recoiling to her better judgment, May fall to match you with he r country forms And happily repent. (3.3.268-278). Iago suggest that there something unnatural about Desdemona of she would decide to marry a black man instead of a man who is her own complexion. Also, unfortunately Othello confronts racism he is deny to possess white privilege because of the color of his skin. This topic is interesting to mention because for many critics it is crucial in the development of the tragedy since in it they find the key to the actions of Othello. At the beginning we are presented as honest, brave, honest man and then another completely opposite facet will appear that questions us and provokes a cognitive dissonance. This new facet is of a malignant, uncontrolled, vengeful, murderous being. In him a deep change of personality appears. Iago feels betrayed and despised by Othello who gave him the position of lieutenant ascending him to Casio and not to him. As a result of this, Iago will be devising different ways to take revenge on both. In it are represented the ambition, the desire for revenge, the capacity for manipulation, evil, cold and insensitive machination. Iago wishes to take revenge on Othello and tries to try to get Othello to take revenge on Desdemona. To achieve this, several characters fall into their clutches and are handled at will, constantly manipulating Othello and we are witnessing the transformation that they are suffering through. It is fascinating the way in which Yago is setting the plot, as the spider with its fabric waiting for its prey to fall: Othello, Casio, Rodrigo, Emilia, Desdemona, all are at the mercy of the puppeteer Iago. Iago, like water, adapts to the place where it is and enters through the interstices of the others mind to copy it. There is a special Yago for Othello, anothe r for Casio, another for Rodrigo and a different one for Emilia or Desdemona.

Climate control system project Free Essay Example, 2500 words

Literature Review Platforms that deliver usage response and neighbor contrasts and that use investigational design to determine effects have been effective through numerous impact assessments and educational studies. Many similar projects have been employed in motor vehicles, ships, airplanes and many more. We have decided to make a home climate control system that utilizes Wi-Fi enabled thermostats, a mobile application, and in-home infrared sensors (Daly & Steven, 2006). These devices will generate the perfect AC system which can be remotely monitored and accessed from anywhere in the world through the internet, it will give the user constant updates about their home climate from a mobile application, and will even allow home owners to see how many people are in each room at any given moment. While away from home you can not only tell what the temperature in your home is, but also the number of people in each given room. Based on the information gathered you can change the temperature and adjust ac cordingly (Menard, 1992). You could even set the AC to change hourly or to the number of occupants in the house. We will write a custom essay sample on Climate control system project or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Even use it to maintain a watchful eye on the children when they come home from school. Projective Objective The task majorly aims at creating a climate control system that employs a mobile enabled application, thermostats (Wi-Fi enabled), and in-home infrared detectors. On the other hand, the project utilizes Bluetooth enabled Microcontrollers, Solar cell and a mobile application to Control Climate. It will provide the user regular updates about their residents’ climatic state from a mobile application, and will also allow home owners to see the number of people in each room at any given time. Problem Solving Analysis The technicalities of a programmed climate control need sensors to be positioned into the section of the zone to be managed. These sensors sense and read the up-to-date temperature of an area. The interpretations are then harmonized to the setting defined by the dwellers through the mobile application system, and the cooling and heating of the room are adjusted appropriately. Progresses in programmed climate control in buildings have grown into zoned climate control. In this sort of operation, each occupant can regulate the temperature of the house in which he or she stays. Each expanse indoors, at defined regions has a distinct climate control sensor that read out the existing temperature of the definite area (MeÃŒ nard, 1992). This type of control system also contains a workstation that regulates the whole air distribution system within the rooms.

How Sleep Deprivation Affects Psychological Variables...

How Sleep Deprivation Affects Psychological Variables Related to College Students Cognitive Performance Jenny R. Downs Fall07, PSY 1513 41 General Psychology (MSVCC) (2575) Sleep deprivation is very common for college students. A pattern is usually developed with sleep deprivation peaking during the week and even more during exam periods. Performance levels are significantly lower during these periods even though the students beleived that their performance was better. Many studies have been conducted to try to evaluate the effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance and on psychological variables related to cognitive performance in college students. The study in this reading included sixty-five volunteers. Of†¦show more content†¦The sleep-deprived students did much worse on the Watson-Glaser Thinking Appraisal than the students that were not sleep-deprived. The participants mood was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States or POMS. On the Profile of Mood States scale, current mood states were listed using sixty-five words. The students could rate their current mood on a scale from zero to seven. The higher the number represented the greater the frequency. The findings concluded that only confusion and fatigue were highly affected by sleep deprivation. These aspects caused a significant drop in performance of task completion. Sleep deprivation was not shown to have an effect on task motivation. Research shows that participants acknowledge lower performance levels and increase the effort being put into a task to try to compensate for the lower performance levels. Rewards were offered in one study for better performance. An increase of effort was reported but the increased effort reportedly had no effect on actual performance. Therefore, even though additional effort may be put into a project it is concluded to have no effect on decreased performance levels. Off-task cognitions are thoughts that distract concentration instead of being directed at the current task. Off-task cognitions are usually either negative or un-related thoughts that cause a person to not be able to fully focus on the task at hand. The researchers in thisShow MoreRelatedSleep Deprivation On College Students1488 Words   |  6 Pages Sleep Deprivation in College Students Stress Management Betty Diaz August 14, 2017 Abstract A common problem in many young adults in college is sleep deprivation. College students are some of the most sleep deprived people. Their sleep hygiene behavior is worse than adults. An adequate amount of sleep time is 7 to 8 hours each night to complete a regular sleep cycle. When college students have less sleep time, they are disturbing their sleeping cycle and their bodies respond by decreasing theirRead MoreThe Correlation Between Sleep Deprivation and Academic Performance3156 Words   |  13 Pagescorrelation between sleep deprivation, sleep quality and academic performance was examined (Gilbert and Weaver, 2010). The degree of knowledge regarding this particular subject has not been well studied because of the small sample sizes used. As a result, the study investigates the link between the sleep habits of college students and academic performance in larger samples. The researchers hypothesized that the participants who had a higher level of sleep deprivation would have lower academicRead MoreScientific Thinking And Research Methods Essay2031 Words   |  9 Pagestest whether people rated a tedious task with a higher aversive, boredom, annoyance and irritation level if they knew they had to complete the task again rather than if they did not know they had to complete it again. Theoretical Basis of Study: Psychological mechanisms prevent people from reliving aversive experiences to their truest extremes, creating fewer aversive expectations. This will entice people to partake in the experience again, but this also assumes that people’s memory of the experienceRead MorePerceived Stress and Academic Achievement: a Comparative Analysis of Hostel Students and Day Scholars6272 Words   |  26 PagesIncreased technology, more competition, and schedule overload affect the quality of student’s performance due to inability to manage their stress levels. College students may neglect their physical and emotional well being due to pressure to perform well in their classes, and lack of time management and stress management practices.Although proper nutrition, physical activity, various coping techniques and practices can enhance academic performance as well as health and well being, education and awarenessRead MorePerceived Stress Factors12999 Words   |   52 Pagesamong college students are physical environment, work overload, family and personal problems. DOH acknowledges that stress affects academic performance and that intervention is necessary to address emotional, behavioral, psychological and social reactors brought about by stress. In a similar study conducted in the University of North Carolina at Charlotte by Womble (2006), it was found out that the perceived stress of the college students had a significant impact on their academic performance. AboutRead MoreOffice Administration Thesis11471 Words   |  46 PagesFACTORS RELATED TO DROP OUTS AND PERFORMANCE OF CWTS STUDENTS AT LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY SAN PABLO CITY CAMPUS ACADEMIC YEAR 2010 - 2011 ------------------------------------------------- A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of the College of Teacher Education Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City Campus San Pablo City ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- In Partial Of Fulfillment Of the RequirementsRead MorePerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement15005 Words   |  61 PagesPerceived Stress Levels and Stress Management Among Paramedical Students Lyceum of the Philippines University: Towards Stress Management Enhancement Maribel D. Mayuga-Barrion, DDM, MAT It is recognized that stress is a normally occurring part of life. Selye was the first to describe the term stress as a state produced within an organism subjected to a stimulus perceived as a threat (Selye, 1957). He spoke of stress as a condition that occurs commonly in response to any adaptive response withinRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pagesand common sense lead to the same conclusions about behavior and mental processes. _____ Psychology is not a science. Objective I.2 Define the scientific method, and explain how it is used in psychology? Psychologists use the scientific method to evaluate competing ideas; find relationship of variables by collecting data |Margin Learning Question(s) (if applicable) |Page(s) | |1.2 What processes do scientistsRead MoreThe Hawthrone Studiesdouglas | Mcgregors Theory X and Theory Y | Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs8409 Words   |  34 Pageslater, moved into the psychological aspects (e.g. breaks, group pressure, working hours, managerial leadership) and their impact on employee motivation as it applies to productivity. The Hawthorne Effect In essence, the Hawthorne Effect, as it applies to the workplace, can be summarized as Employees are more productive because  the employees  know they are being studied. Elton Mayos experiments showed an increase in worker productivity was produced by the psychological stimulus of being singledRead MoreOcd - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment131367 Words   |  526 PagesCOGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD This page intentionally left blank COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY FOR OCD DAVID A. CLARK THE GUILFORD PRESS New York London  © 2004 The Guilford Press A Division of Guilford Publications, Inc. 72 Spring Street, New York, NY 10012 www.guilford.com All rights reserved Paperback edition 2007 Except as noted, no part of this book may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical

Essay about Bullying and Harassment - 1373 Words

Managing bullying and harassment in the workplace When most of us hear the term ‘bullying’ we seem to reflect back on childhood memories of the schoolyard bully tormenting others for self-amusement, much to the distain of others around them. Unfortunately this seems not to be the only time such behaviour occurs. Workplace bullying and harassment can be defined as ‘Offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone’s work tasks. It can occur repeatedly and regularly over a period of time where the confronted ends up in an inferior position and becomes the target of systematic negative social acts’ (Einarsen et al, 2007). This essay will explain the significance of bullying and harassment in the workplace by exploring,†¦show more content†¦Workplace bullies have been described as ‘conquerors only interested in power and control, who enjoy belittling sub-ordinates’ (Dawn et al, 2007). Statistics from an Australian cross- national survey revealed that 70 percent o f bullying behaviour was inflicted by a supervisor or manager toward sub-ordinates (Query Hanley, 2010). Some of the affects bullying and harassment has on workers is low self esteem, anxiety depression, psychosomatic problems (hostility, hyper sensibility, loss of memory and feelings of victimisation), aggression, fear and mistrust, cognitive effects (inability to concentrate or think clearly, reduced problem solving capacity), isolation, loneliness, deterioration of friendships, chronic fatigue and sleep problems (Poilpot-Rocaboy,2006). From an organisational perspective, it is estimated that organisations in Australia lose between $6 billion and $13 billion per annum due to bullying related abuse (Query Hanley, 2010) and that more than 2 million managers and professionals voluntarily leave their jobs every year due solely to workplace unfairness, including bullying (Query Hanley, 2010). These figures do not include the millions of workers who suffer fromShow MoreRelatedBullyin g and Harassment in Australia689 Words   |  3 PagesOrganisations within Australia have a legal obligation to prevent bullying and harassment. The Fair Work Commission, Australia’s national workplace relations tribunal, states that â€Å"bullying at work† occurs when â€Å"a person or a group of people repeatedly behaves unreasonably towards a worker or a group of workers at work and the behaviour creates a risk to health and safety.†(Fair Work Commission 2014).The legislation in Australia, implemented from the 1st of January 2014, dictates that a worker inRead MoreBullying, Harassment, And Humiliation Essay1153 Words   |  5 Pages Bullying, Harassment, and humiliation might not be the first words that pop into your head when you think of fun or entertainment. Surprisingly enough, the actions of our society speak differently. Using humiliation as a way of entertainment can be seen in countless ways in our society including social media and television. Ever yone is on some type of social media whether is be Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, or Snapchat. Our investment in media makes harassment easy because mass amounts of peopleRead MoreHarassment And Bullying On Social Media1568 Words   |  7 PagesHarassment and Bullying on Social Media What is the history of this topic? Since the beginning of time people have always had an instinct for the desire to survive. Through this instinct of survival comes competition, where people feel the need to surpass others to get what they want, which has not changed as humans have evolved (Donegan, 2012, p.34). The aspect of competition occurs in many aspects of our life including in our education, social and economic systems. In the U.S., capitalistic societyRead MoreBullying : A Victim Of Sexual Harassment872 Words   |  4 PagesLonger Afraid Throughout the last 30 years, bullying cases of various types (physical and verbal) and situations (cyber and social) are growing rampant; and as a result, we’re now accustomed to hearing daily of the turmoil. A young victim, abused and embarrassed, suffers another attack and a bully walks away with a few days of suspension doled out by a useless disciplinary policy, useless to inhibit it from reoccurring. Whether it’s sexual harassment, self-defense, or defense of another, a bulliedRead MoreWorkplace Bullying And Workplace Harassment Essay4824 Words   |  20 Pagesto be better than his/her peers or subordinates, the instances of workplace aggression leading to workplace bullying and workplace harassment are very common. Work organizations are like any other social setting where scarce resources, competition, time constraints to complete goals, personality of individuals often leads to workplace bullying and workplace harassment. Bullying and harassment are situati ons where a worker or supervisor is systematically mistreated and victimized by fellow workers orRead MoreEthics, Sexual Harassment, And Bullying907 Words   |  4 PagesI felt very connected to this week’s discussions, not because I’ve personally been involved in discrimination, sexual harassment, or bullying but because I spent a lot of time managing through these issues when I worked as an Operations Manager for Borders, Inc. At any given time I had ~250 employees and managers in a distribution center reporting to me on three shifts, six days a week. It was rare that I didn’t have some pending issue that required a Human Resources perspective and these issuesRead MoreBullying : A Victim Of Harassment And Humiliation1922 Words   |  8 PagesEvery day, someone somewhere is a victim of harassment and humiliation. Bullying has become such a growing epidemic in today’s society that it has become a pervasive health concern. There are more and more stude nts being victimized and strained by other peers each day. Almost one in every four students reports being bullied throughout their school year. (National center for Education, 2015) Although bullying doesn’t just occur at school, bullying can also arise at home or work. Bullied characterizesRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyber Bullying And Or Harassment1728 Words   |  7 Pages Pg. 2. Introduction: Case There are many ways that cybercrimes are conducted. One particular offense is the case of cyber bullying and or harassment personal pictures hacked from a specific personal computer. Crimes against a computer include attacks on networks that cause them to crash, such as the attacks by the Morris worm, and unauthorized access to, or tampering with, informationRead MoreSexual Harassment : How Does It Differ From Bullying?891 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is sexual harassment? How does it differ from bullying? Sexual harassment is an unwanted attention that is sexual in nature. It can be a one-time occurrence or a result of repeated behaviour. In addition, harassment is viewed from the victim’s perspective and what the perceiver or affected individual would feel in the exact same situation. Workplace bullying on the other hand can be defined as an act or verbal behavior that is persistent and continuous, with intent to mentally hurt or isolateRead MoreTarget Group for Bullying and Harassment Prevention Training Program828 Words   |  3 PagesEthnic background 5. Consider the psychographics of your target group: Personal characteristics of a person including: Personality, Attitudes, Values, Interests/hobbies, Lifestyles, Behavior Introduction: To ensure the success of the Bullying and Harassment prevention training program there must be organzational context to provide a clear understanding of the scope of the program. It must prove the effectiveness. One explains and utilizes the resources available, like the internet and student

Malaysian Economics Free Essays

2 – CAUSES OF INEQUALITY OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION 2. 1 Differences in education During the British rule, each ethnic group also generally experienced different education systems. Most Malays were educated in the government school system located in the rural areas that used the Malay language as the medium of instruction. We will write a custom essay sample on Malaysian Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Chinese on the other hand sent their children to the Chinese medium schools, which mere established by Chinese voluntary associations. Nevertheless , the elite segment of each ethnic group generally sent their children to the English medium schools located in the urban areas, where the quality of education was far better than the rural Malay-medium school. Furthermore, most secondary and tertiary education was available in the urban areas with English as the medium of instruction. Those who were educated at the English medium schools tended to gain positions in the civil service, commerce, business, and professions. Since most of the Malays were educated in the rural Malay medium schools, this indirectly limited their upward social mobility. . 2 Differences in skills Since Malay only received the education from government school in rural areas, the skills were limited. Lack of skills and knowledge were the factors of unemployed. This will worsened the situation of poverty and income disparities between the ethnic groups. Sectoral employment of Bumiputera and non-Bumiputera (%) in peninsular Malaysia, 1970. Sector| B umiputera| Non-Bumiputera| Primary| 67. 6| 32. 4| Secondary| 30. 8| 69. 2| Tertiary| 37. 9| 62. 1| Notes: Primary (agriculture) Secondary (mining, manufacturing, construction, utilities, and transport) Tertiary (wholesale and retail trade, finance, government, and other services) 3. 3 Differences in access to capital A majority of non-malays are usually found to be living in the southern and western states of Malaysia , such as Pulau Penang and Kedah. These states form modern urban sectors and also modern rural sectors which are playing the important roles in the economic activities. On the other hand, the Malays lived in the northern states of Malaysia, and they are indeed in the traditional rural sector. This imbalanced development had result the imbalance capital gain among the ethnic groups. Wealth Decomposition by Asset Classes in 2007 Asset Classes| Bumiputera| Chinese| Indian| Savings| 567| 2 795| 1 026| Investment Assets| 1 853| 4 629| 2 058| Financial Assets| 2 419| 7 423| 3 083| Real Estate| 70 453| 120 903| 84 146| Wealth| 72 873| 128 326| 87 229| 3. 4 Differences in unemployment pattern The supply of skilled manpower in their own field is the main problem in employment restructuring. Despite the limited success of bumiputera students, the presence of skilled and qualified bumiputera workers and professionals are inadequate. A few factors that contribute to this problem are such like limited accessibility to modern educational facilities and quality educational or even low family income. Bumiputera are mainly attracted to the public sector and lately the bumiputera states the record for having the highest employment rate among malay university graduates. Although the manufacturing sectors display a tremendously high rate or malay labor force, most of them are employed in the lower level or non-manegerial level of occupations. How to cite Malaysian Economics, Papers

Domestic Dispute free essay sample

Analyze the criminal behavior of domestic violence and describe how criminal behavior is evaluated towards the formation of new policy for social order in the criminal justice system. Compare and contrast the history and the future of domestic violence law. | Domestic violence is a crime. Any person who hits, chokes, kicks, threatens, harasses, or interferes with the personal liberty of another family or household member has broken Illinois Domestic Violence law. Under Illinois law family or household members are defined as; family members related by blood, people who are married or used to be married, people who share or used to share a home, apartment, or other common dwelling, people who have or allegedly have a child in common or blood relationship through a child in common, people who are dating or engaged or used to date: including same sex couples, and people with disabilities and their personal assistants. Typically, in a case involving a charge of Domestic Battery / Violence, the police will arrest the accused and take them to the police station lockup. After posting a bond, the accused is released but is not allowed to return to the home for at least 72 hours. Further, an order of protection is issued by the Criminal Court and a court date is assigned for the case. You can be sentenced to jail. A conviction becomes a permanent public record and can only be cleared by a Governors pardon. Employers, credit agencies and landlords can view your criminal record. A conviction for Domestic Battery / Violence cannot be expunged or sealed. A conviction can affect your custody and visitation rights. The entry of an Order of Protection could affect access to your family, home and property. The sentence for Domestic Battery / Violence under Illinois law, Domestic Battery / Violence is a Class A misdemeanor which can carry a prison sentence for up to 1 year. A second conviction of Domestic Battery is a Class 4 felony which carries a prison sentence from 1 to 3 years. However, probation is available as an alternative to jail. In addition, if you have been convicted of a Domestic Battery within the past 5 years, you must serve at least 72 hours in jail. The key is to avoid a conviction and have your case dismissed. Property and Personal crimes are alike because they are considered crimes on a person or persons. Property is owned by a person or persons which are also considered to be a personal crime and personal crimes are strictly crimes committed on the actual person or persons. Criminal offenses against property are categorized as theft, burglary, and robbery. These crimes are felonies in Illinois unless the value of the property taken is under $300. Similarly, whether a crime against property is charged as a misdemeanor or a felony depends on the value of the property taken or damaged. The statute prohibiting criminal damage to property, for example, proscribes knowingly or recklessly damaging anothers property, setting a fire on anothers property, injuring anothers domestic animal, and setting a stink bomb or other offensive-smelling compound on anothers property. If the damage to the property is no more than $300, these crimes are misdemeanors; if the damage equals more than $300, the crimes are felonies. Similarly, criminal defacement of property is knowingly damaging anothers property with paint, an etching tool, a writing instrument, or a similar device; the severity of punishment depends on the level of offense, which is a misdemeanor or felony depending on whether the property damage exceeds $300. The punishment for property crimes ranges anywhere from a fine of $25,000 to 30 years in prison. Personal crimes are considered to be; Rape, sexual assault, personal robbery, assault, purse snatching and pocket picking. This category includes both attempted and completed crimes. Types of Personal crimes are; Aggravated assault: Unlawfully attacking another person to inflict severe or aggravated bodily injury, usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by other means likely to produce death or grave bodily harm. Attempted aggravated assault that involves the use or threat of use of a gun, knife or other weapon is included in this crime category because serious personal injury likely would result. Forcible Rape: The â€Å"carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. † UCR includes assaults and attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force but excludes statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses. UCR collects data only on the rape of women. Murder: Killing a human in a willful and non-negligent manner. Robbery: Taking or attempting to take anything of value from a person by force or threat of force or violence. Victim’s rights as they relate to domestic violence are; The right to be treated with fairness and respect for their dignity and privacy throughout the criminal justice process, The right to notification of court proceedings, The right to confer with the prosecution, The right to make a statement to the court at sentencing, The right to information about the conviction, sentence, imprisonment, and release of the accused, The right to timely disposition of the case following the arrest of the accused, The right to be reasonably protected from the accused throughout the criminal justice process, The right to be present at the trial and all other court proceedings on the same basis as the accused, unless the victim is to testify and the court determines that the victims testimony would be materially affected if the victim hears other testimony at the trial, The right to have present at all court proceedings, subject to the rules of evidence, an advocate or other support person of the victims choice, and The right to restitution. Many believe the historical inequality of women and gender socialization of females and males contribute to the root causes of domestic violence. Until the 1970s, women who were raped or suffered violence in their homes had no formal place to go for help or support. Shelters and services for victims of domestic violence did not exist and there was little, if any, response from criminal or civil courts, law enforcement, hospitals, and social service agencies. Society and its formal institutions viewed domestic violence as a private matter. As awareness and recognition of this problem grew, groups of women organized an advocacy movement that focused on addressing the safety needs of victims and the systemic barriers and social attitudes that contributed to domestic violence. Volunteers established safe havens and crisis services for victims of domestic violence in their homes and held meetings where they began to define violence against women as a political issue. This grass roots effort, commonly referred to as the Battered Womens Movement, revolutionized the responses to injustices against women into a social movement that forms the foundation of existing domestic violence advocacy and community-based programs throughout the country. The need for safe alternatives for victims of domestic violence called for a major social transformation and the Battered Womens Movement was an essential part of that struggle. Feminists, community activists, and survivors of rape and domestic violence responded with three primary goals: (1) securing shelter and support for victims and their children, (2) improving legal and criminal justice responses, and (3) changing the public consciousness about domestic violence. Domestic Violence is a pattern of controlling behaviors, some of which are criminal, that include but are not limited to physical assaults, sexual assaults, emotional abuse, isolation, economic coercion, threats, stalking and intimidation. The batterer uses these behaviors in an effort to control the intimate partner. The behavior may be directed at others with the effect of controlling the intimate partner. Criminal behavior in domestic violence situations may be directed against the person, property, animals, associates, and family members of the victim. It may include violation of any criminal law and is not limited to physical assaults, sexual assaults, threats or stalking behavior. While many changes are being suggested for the criminal justice system, perhaps two initiatives at the federal level could be of particular significance for social workers. They include, the National Criminal Justice Commission Act of 2009 (introduced by Senator James Webb (D, VA)) would create a blue-ribbon commission to look at every aspect of the criminal justice system with an eye towards identifying areas in need of improvement. A number of provisions proposed in the act call for greatly expanded psychosocial services, especially related to substance abuse treatment and mental health treatment. Social workers at the state and national level have an opportunity to collaborate with governmental and non-governmental supporters of reform to ensure that the National Criminal Justice Commission Act is passed. The social work profession also has an opportunity to ensure that one or more of the commissioners represent the interests of social workers and other service provider stakeholders in the criminal justice system.

Healthcare System in Australia and UK Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Healthcare System in Australia and UK. Answer: Introduction Health Care system in Australia plays an important role in providing health care services to the individuals residing in the Country. It includes access to hospitals and medical facilities and treatment for the cure of various diseases. The health Care System in Australia is a complex method and has many responsibilities because the States depend on financial matters from Commonwealth in order to support their health care systems. There are various programmes in the State and a number of healthcare initiatives are organized in the country. There are also non government organizations such as The Australian Red Cross Blood Service that collects donations of blood and delivers them to various providers of Australian healthcare. The National Health and Medical Research Council helps in funding research in health and medical domains. Private organizations also play an important role in providing healthcare services such as Medical Resonance Imaging (MRI).The Australian healthcare system p lays an important role in delivering various healthcare services such as emergency services, primary healthcare services, treatment plan and surgical procedures, and rehabilitation facilities. Healthcare facilities in the UK is provided by the National Health Service and it provides healthcare facilities free of cost to all the residents who are living permanently(Hepburn, Cohen, Bhawra, Weiser, Hayeems, 2015).It involves general practitioners to provide primary health services to patients. The hospitals also provide wide range of services including special care to patients suffering from mental illness, emergency care by ambulances to individuals who met with accidents that is free of cost at times. The country also provides private health care services for residents who wish to pay and they do not receive NHS funds for the medical treatment and various services. This essay deals with the comparison of Health Systems in two countries that is Australia and the UK on the basis of va rious areas like the Funding System, Governance System, Maternal Mortality Rate, Infant Mortality Rate, Life Expectancy at Birth and Health Status including Low Birth weight, Obesity, Diabetes, Asthma, Hypertension, Cancer and % GDP spent on Health. Funding System in Australia and the UK Funding and insurance of health in Australia includes both funding by the government and private health insurance. Medicare scheme is used for funding by the government to provide free care in public hospitals, prescriptions at low cost and a large no of medical services. Private health insurance in Australia is provided by insurance organizations called as health funds. Medibank is the largest health fund with a market share of 30 %.There are various private insurance health schemes introduced by the government of Australia such as Lifetime Health Cover, Medical Levy Surcharge and Private Health Insurance Rebate. Medicare is a administered by Medicare Australia and it is mainly concerned with the payment of nurses, doctors and the finance of hospitals that are state run. The National Health Service (NHS) provides healthcare services that include health care including dental care, ophthalmology, primary care, and long-term healthcare. It includes trusts that help in the delivery of healthcare services such as commissioning trusts that help in the analysis of the needs of local population and the provider trusts that involve NHS bodies to deliver the health care service. According to a report of 2014, the United Kingdom was awarded for providing best healthcare services in the world on the basis of various categories such as patient- centered care, safe and co-ordinated care and efficiency in providing patient satisfaction. Palliative care provided by the UK to its patients has also awarded as best on the global level. Governance System in Australia and the UK The health ministers in the country that includes the state and territory ministers and the Commonwealth to coordinate the public health system in Australia. The Standing Council on Health has an important role in coordination and includes a group of health ministers. The Council of Australian Governments is an important intergovernmental forum in the country and includes the Standing Council. The main objectives of the Standing Council are providing patient care and satisfaction by providing transparent medical facilities with the help of expert clinicians and nurses. It also helps to fund various hospitals so that they can provide excellent health care services to its patients in the future. It also helps in reducing the gap between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous population residing in Australia. The Standing Council also works to provide primary health care services to the ageing population, health care services in the rural areas, Indigenous and mental health services and comm unity health care(Kelaher, Sabanovic, Brooy, Lock, Brown, 2014). The Advisory Board plays an important role in the development of various healthcare strategies governs the healthcare system in the UK. The Cabinet Office and the Office the Prime Minister also help in monitoring the progress(Bowling, 2014). Maternal Mortality Rate Maternal death is defined as the death of a woman during pregnancy or after 42 days after the pregnancy. Maternal death in present years. The death of the mother in the family leads to various problems among her family members. The occurrence of deaths in maternal population is expressed in terms of maternal mortality ratio. The MMR is defined as the number of death occurred due to some complications and issues during the pregnancy that is called as direct deaths or worsening of disease that has occurred due to pregnancy per 100,000 women that are giving birth. It does not include if the death has occurred after 42days of pregnancy or due to any other unknown causes. According to a report of The World Health Organization 2015, it was recorded that around 19 deaths of women occurred during their pregnancy in Australia and its MMR was 6 in the year 2015(Hollams, Klerk, Sly, 2015). The death of pregnant women belonging to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population was double as compared to the women of normal population as they are incapable to provide proper treatment and healthcare facilities to pregnant women. It was reported in the 2015 that 74 pregnant women died during pregnancy in the UK due to abortion, infection, psychosocial issues and cardiovascular problems and its MMR was 7 in the same year(Johansson, Villamo, Altman, Bonamy, Granath, 2015). It occurs due to various issues like direct death involving complications during pregnancy and indirect death due to cardiac problems and medical health issues that are not related to pregnancy. It has been reported that psychosocial issues is the main cause of deaths in women that occurs due to domestic violence and mistreatment that ultimately leads to suicide. Infant mortality rate Infant mortality rate is defined as the number of death of the infants per 1000 live births. In the year 2015, it was reported that deaths of 991 infants had occurred that included 542 males and 449 females as compared to 1012 infant deaths in the year 2014. This shows that there was a decrease of 2.1 % in the number of deaths of infants in the past 10 years from the year 2005-2016. The infant mortality rate in 2015 was the lowest with 3.2 deaths of infants per 1000 live births and in 2005; the infant mortality rate was 4.9 deaths per 1000 live births(Fraser, Sidebotham, Frederick, Mitchell, 2015). The infant mortality rate in the UK has decreased from 5.6 in the year 2005 to 3.9 in the year 2015 (Wolfe, Macfarlane, Donkin, Viner, 2015).Scotland showed the highest decrease of all the countries in the 10-year period. Infant mortality rate is an important aspect to measure the quality of healthcare services provide to the country and the population growth. Life expectancy at birth Life expectancy at birth is an important measure to study about the health of the population and the mortality rate. It is used to measure the duration a person will be able to live based on present age and death rates specific to sex. In the last century, the life expectancy in Australia has increased in both the sexes. A boy who is born in the years 2013-2015 is expected to live until 80.4 years of age and girls until 84.5 years of age. For the individuals belonging to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population who are born in between 2010-2012, the life expectancy was estimated to be 10.6 years less as compared to that of non-Indigenous population for males(Phillips, Morrell, Daniels, 2014).Australia is considered to have one of the highest life expectancies in all the countries in the world. Life expectancy at birth in the UK has increased from the previous years. A boy who is born in the years 2013-2015 is expected to live until 79.1 years and a female born is expected to live until 82.8 years if the rate of mortality remains the same(Head, et al., 2013). Health Status : Low Birth weight According to World Health Organization, if the weight of an infant is less than 2,500 grams or 5.5 pounds he or she is considered to be in a low birth rate category. It is monitored by using surveys in households and health system surveillance. It was reported in the year 2013, around 22 million newborn babies that are 16 % of all the infants that were born on a global scale in that year, had low birth weight (Hutchinson, De Luca, Doyle, Roberts, Anderson, 2013). It is a challenging process because weight is not recorded in a large number of infants during the birth. Low birth rate is linked with increased occurrence of high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. Low birth weight in the UK has remained the same as compared to the previous years. In the year, 2013 it was reported that around 6% of babies had low birth weights that is it was less than 2500 grams(Drummond, Sculpher, Claxton, Torrance). Obesity Obesity refers to accumulation of fat in the individuals that make them overweight and leads to various diseases such as diabetes, cancer, mental issues and cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. It was reported that 56% of the population were identified as obese in 1995 and it was increased to 63% in the year 2014-15 and the average weight for both male and female was increased by 4.4 kg(Ng, et al., 2014).There are various factors that lead to obesity such as lack of balanced diet and physical exercise. It was reported that the obesity in the population living in UK showed an increase from 32.3%in the year 1995 to 52% in the year 2015(Arora, Hosseini?Araghi, Bishop, Yao, Thomas, 2015). Body Mass Index (BMI) is the most common method to measure the obesity in the body of an individual and it is calculated by dividing the weight of a person in kilograms by the height square in meters. Diabetes Diabetes has become one of the major challenges in the health system of Australia in the 21st century. It has been reported that in every 5 minutes one individual develops the symptoms of diabetes. It was reported in the year 2016, a total of 1.7 million individuals suffer from diabetes in Australia. It is increasing at rapid rate and type 1diabetes is around 10% of all the diabetes and type 2 diabetes is around 85 % of all the diabetes (Renzaho Marks, 2016).It has also been reported that there are around 4,400 amputations due to diabetes in Australia every year. Gestational diabetes is also increasing at a rapid rate in pregnant women. It has been reported in the year 2016, there are around 4.5 million people in the UK who are diagnosed with diabetes. It includes 1 million people those who have not been diagnosed and are suffering from Type 2 diabetes (Niranjan Price, 2016). Asthma Asthma is defined as respiratory illness that leads to difficulty in breathing. According to the reports, around 2.5 million individuals suffered from asthma in the year 2016 in Australia that means that one in nine individuals (Willis Keleher, 2016). In the indigenous populations, the rate of occurrence of asthma is double as compared to that of non-indigenous populations. This disease is more prevalent in people who have low socio economic status. There are around 5.4 million people who suffered from asthma in the year 2016 in the UK including 1.1 million children and 4.3 million adults(Cook, Cole, Asaria, Francis, 2016). The UK has highest number of patients suffering from asthma and the NHS spends approximately 1 billion per year to provide care and treatment for patients suffering from asthma. Hypertension Hypertension is also known as high blood pressure and it can lead to various diseases such as heart failure, stroke or disease in kidney. It was reported that 2.6 million individuals suffered from hypertension in the year 2014- 2015 that is 11.3% of the total Australian population. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in males as compared to females that is, 12 % for males and 10.7 % in females and it also increases with age(Roberts, Algert, Ford, 2015). It was reported in the year 204-2015, that 32 % of the individuals residing in the UK suffered from hypertension as a large number of individuals do not keep a check on their blood pressure (Rapsomaniki, et al., 2015). Around one- third of the population in the UK are not aware of the fact that they are suffering from high blood pressure. It has also been reported that the level of high blood pressure increases in the women as there is a decrease in their income. Cancer Cancer can be defined as the condition in which all the cells in the body multiply in an abnormal manner and become out of control. It was reported that, in the year 2013 there were 124,465 new cases of cancer diagnosis in Australia, which included 68,936 males and 55,529 females.It is also estimated that around 134,174 new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in 2017 in Australia(Moore, Antoni, Colquhoun, Healy, Bray, 2013) . It was reported in the year 2013, that around 152,432 deaths had occurred in the UK due to patients suffering from cancer. Half of the patients suffering from cancer died due to breast cancer, lung cancer, bowel or prostate cancer (DeSantis, Ma, Jemal, 2013). Cancer leads to more than one death in four of all the deaths in the UK. Liver cancer is the main cause of increase in the mortality rates in both the males and the females over the past 10 years and stomach cancer is the main cause of decrease in the mortality rates in both the males and the females over the past 10 years. Health System Performance: Percentage GDP spend on Healthcare The percentage of GDP spend in healthcare in Australia was 9.4% of the total GDP in the year 2014 as compared to 7.3% in the year 1995. This shows that the government of Australia has increased the expenditure to provide better healthcare facilities to its individuals to give better care and patient satisfaction. It was reported in the year 2014 that the UK spent 9.1 % of the total GDP in healthcare as compared to 6.7% of the total GDP spent in the year 2014(Fuchs, 2014).Both the countries are efficient in increasing the expenditure to provide excellent health care facilities. Discussion Maternal mortality rate was higher in the UK as compared to that of Australia in the year 2015.This is because of lack of proper treatment facilities to women during the time of pregnancy. It is also reported that psychosocial issues is the main cause of deaths in women that occurs due to domestic violence and mistreatment that ultimately leads to suicide. It was observed that there was an increase of 7% in the percentage of obese population from the year 1995-2015 and an increase of 20 % in the UK for the same year.This is because the population living in the UK do not follow a balanced diet and perform physical exercise leading to obesity. This in turn leads to various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke and heart attack. There are around 1.7 million individuals suffering from diabetes in Australia and around 4.5 million individuals in the UK. This difference is because a large no of people in the UK do not undergo health checkups and they are not aware that they are s uffering from diabetes. There are around 2.5 million people suffering from asthma in Australia and 5.4 billion people in the UK. This is because of blockage of oxygen into the lungs and increase in the production of mucus. Around 11.6 % of population in Australia suffer from hypertension and around 32% in the UK. This difference is due to the reason that a large number of individuals do not get their blood pressure tested unless they visit the doctor. Deaths of cancer patients was also more in UK than Australia due to increase in the number of cancer patients. Conclusion It can be concluded from the comparisons of the health systems of both the countries Australia and the UK that both the countries provide government and private health insurance to all its individuals to avail proper health services and medical treatments. This helps the patients can get proper care and patient satisfaction. The department of Health Ministry governs the healthcare system in both the countries and they play an important role in developing and strategizing various measures and guidelines in order to deliver proper healthcare services in an effective manner. Infant mortality rate decreased in both the countries, the UK and Australia from the year 2005-2015. Life expectancy at birth was also almost the same for birth the countries. Low birth weight had no significant change as compared to previous years in both Australia and the UK. The percentage of GDP spent by the government in providing health care services to its individuals was same for both the countries in the ye ar 2014 to ensure that people get access to proper medical facilities. Bibliography Arora, Hosseini?Araghi, Bishop, Yao, Thomas. (2015). The complexity of obesity in UK adolescents: relationships with quantity and type of technology, sleep duration and quality, academic performance and aspiration.,. 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